Selamento de lesões cariosas em molares decíduos / Sealing of carious lesions in deciduous molars

Objetivo:Investigar a eficácia do selamento de lesão de cárie dentinária em comparação com a remoção parcial de cárie seguida de restauração em molares decíduos. Material e Método: O estudo clínico randomizado foi planejado ser realizado em 60 crianças com idade entre 3 e 8 anos. As crianças foram randomizadas por sorteio, com alocação para os 3 grupos, sendo 20 em cada grupo: Grupo 1 (G1) constituído por crianças que receberam o selamento de cárie com resina fluida; Grupo 2 (G2) com crianças que receberam o selamento de cárie com cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade e Grupo controle (G3) com crianças onde a remoção parcial da cárie foi seguida por restauração com cimento de ionômero de vidro resinoso. Foram feitos acompanhamentos clínicos e radiográficos antes e após a intervenção, bem como a cada 4 meses durante 1 ano, investigando-se se houve fratura no selamento ou na restauração (infiltração marginal), paralização, regressão ou evolução do processo carioso nos 3 grupos. Resultados: A amostra foi reduzida para 49 crianças pois durante a fase de controle clínico radiográfico, 11 não foram localizadas por mudança de endereço.O grupo G1 apresentou 50% dos casos com regressão e 50% dos casos em paralização. O grupo G2 apresentou 62,5% dos casos com regressão e 37,5% dos casos com paralização e o grupo G3 com 60% dos casos com regressão e 40% com paralização. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o tipo de grupo e a progressão da lesão, não havendo diferença entre os grupos (valor de p = 0,74). Conclusão: Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à progressão de lesão de cárie quando tratados somente com o selamento com resina fluida ou com cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade ou com restauração convencional com cimento de ionômero de vidro resinoso após a remoção do tecido cariado.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of sealing a dentin caries lesion compared to the removal of partial caries followed by restoration in deciduous molars. Methods: The randomized clinical trial was planned to be performed on 60 children, aged 3 to 8 years. Children were randomized by lot, with allocation into 3 groups, 20 per group: Group 1 (G1) consisted of children who received a sealing of caries using fluid resin; Group 2(G2) included children who received the sealing of caries performed with high viscosity glass ionomer cement, and Group 3(G3) conducted with children where the removal of partial caries was followed by restoration with resinous glass ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were performed before and after the intervention, as well as every four months for one year, investigating whether there was a fracture in the sealing or restoration (marginal infiltration), paralysis, regression, or evolution of the carious process in the three groups. Results: The sample was reduced to 49 children given that, during the radiographic clinical control phase, 11 were not located due to a change of address. The G1 group presented 50% cases with regression and 50% cases with paralysis. The G2 group presented 62.5% of the cases with regression and 37.5% of the cases with paralysis, while the G3 group showed 60% of the cases with regression and 40% with paralysis. There was no statistically significant association between the type of group and the progression of the lesion, with no difference found between the groups (p value=0.74). Conclusion: There was no difference between the groups regarding the progression of carious lesions when treated only with fluid resin sealing or with high viscosity glass ionomer cement or with conventional restoration with resinous glass ionomer cement after the removal of decayed tissue.

Prevalence and factors associated with gummy smile in adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years attending high school. Methods: The cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 160 adolescents, from two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lottery, divided into two groups: G1 (with gummy smile) and G2 (no gummy smile). A clinical examination was carried out on the adolescents, investigating the presence or absence of a gummy smile (GS), by analyzing the variables (interlabial distance at rest, upper incisor exposure at rest, smile arc, measurement from the subnasal to the upper lip philtrum, upper lip length, upper lip thickness, hypermobility and lower/middle third ratio). Means and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square association test was applied, to compare the results between A1 and A2 and between G1 and G2. Results: The prevalence of GS was 33.8% (=54). It was found that no statistically significant associations were found (p > 0.05), regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS in adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference (χ² = 1.82; p = 0.07) between the groups and the age of adolescents. There was a significant association between the studied variables and GS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence was high with a predominance of females. There were no statistically significant associations regarding the type of school and gender, but there was a significant association between gummy smile and lip dimensions

Prevalence and influence of dental development anomalies in smile esthetics: a cross-sectional analysis

Aim: To determine the prevalence of dental development anomalies and type of influence on the smile of adolescent students. Method: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lot in the city of Parnaíba-Piauí. The sample calculation was based on the target population: number of people enrolled in public and private schools between 15 and 19 years, in the city of Parnaíba-PI, which totaled 6209 students in 2020, according to a survey carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ­ IBGE. A questionnaire on epidemiological data and aesthetic self-perception of the smile was applied to 160 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old, from August 2020 to July 2021. The clinical examination was carried out under natural light, to check for the presence of anomaly(s) in the dental development. Students who presented only one pathology would be called group 1 (G1), those who presented two would be called group 2 (G2) and those who presented 3 or more would be called group 3 (G3). On the other hand, adolescents in whom no anomaly was evidenced would participate in the control group (CG), both in A1 and A2. Results: It was observed that 37.5% of the sample had only a type of dental anomaly, corresponding to 60 individuals. The most prevalent were enamel hypoplasia, fusion, transposition, agenesis, ectopic eruption, microdent and dens-in-dent. It was possible to verify a higher prevalence in the maxilla, private schools (76.6%) and females (86.6%). In 45% of adolescents with dental anomalies, embarrassment was observed when smiling. Conclusion: The prevalence was relatively high, highlighting the enamel hypoplasia, influencing the smile esthetics of a reasonable number of adolescents, whether for acquaintances, strangers or even for photographs

COVID-19 prevention, control and management during dental care in a school clinic / Prevenção, controle e manejo da COVID-19 durante o atendimento odontológico em clínica escola

This study investigated the effectiveness of physical and mechanical barriers in the prevention, control and management of COVID-19 during dental care. In this cross-sectional study, two research students from the eighth period of the dentistry course performed 24 consultations fromJanuary to June 2022, in the 4 specialties under study: surgery (S), restorative dentistry (D),endodontics (E) and periodontics (P). For each specialty researched, there were 3 groups: control (CG), which adopted the current biosafety norms of the Federal Council of Dentistry (FCD); with circular shield (G1) and with rectangular shield (G2). For each specialty, the researcher performed 6 dental appointments, whose patients were chosen by lot to which group they would participate, so that the distribution was equitable between the groups. Aerosol stains were found around office equipment, as well as on professionals' personal protective equipment(PPE)and close to the patient. The maximum distance found from aerosol splashes to the naked eye was 1.43m during prophylaxis procedures in the CG. In all groups, most of the splashes were found on the PPEusedby professionals, especially on gloves, in the professionals' wrist region; on the patient, on the apron and neck. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups within the specialties (p-value > 0.05), disregarding the comparison between pairs. It was concluded that there was dissemination of aerosol droplets in all dental visits in the 4 specialties studied. Although the PPE proposed by the FCDare effective as a physical barrier to reduce cross-infection and the spread of droplets and aerosols, as well as a preventive measure against COVID-19 during dental care, the professional can use other devices that demonstrate effectiveness, such as the circular screens and the acrylic box, during the dental procedures (AU).

Este estudo investigoua eficácia de barreiras físicas e mecânicas na prevenção, controle e manejo da COVID-19 durante o atendimento odontológico. Neste estudo transversal, dois alunos pesquisadores do oitavo período do curso de Odontologia realizaram24 atendimentosde janeiro a junhode 2022, nas 4 especialidades em estudo: cirurgia (C), dentísticarestauradora(D), endodontia (E) e periodontia (P). Para cada especialidade pesquisada houve3 grupos: controle (GC), que adotou as normas vigentes de biossegurança do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO); com anteparo circular (G1)e com o anteparo retangular (G2).Para cada especialidade, o pesquisador realizou 6 atendimentos, cujos pacientes foram escolhidos por sorteio para qual grupo participariam, de modoquea distribuição fosse equitativa entre os grupos. As manchas de aerossóis foram encontradas em torno dos equipamentos do consultório, bem como em equipamentos de proteção individual dos profissionais e próximas ao paciente. A máxima distância encontrada de respingos de aerossóis a olho nu foi de 1,43m durante procedimentos de profilaxia em acadêmicos com problemas periodontais foi encontrada no GC. Em todos os grupos, amaioria dos respingos foram encontrados sobre osequipamentos de proteção individual (EPI)utilizados pelos profissionais, principalmente nas luvas, na região de punho dos profissionais;no paciente, no avental e pescoço.Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos dentro das especialidades(p-valor > 0,05), prescindindo acomparação entre os pares. Concluiu-se que houve disseminação de gotículas de aerossóis em todos os atendimentos odontológicos nas 4 especialidadesestudadas. Apesar de os EPIpropostos pelo CFO serem eficazes como barreira física para diminuiçãode infecção cruzada e da propagação de gotículas e aerossóis, bem como medida preventiva contra a COVID-19 durante o atendimento odontológico, o profissional poderá lançar mão de outros aparatos que demonstrem eficácia, como por exemplo, os anteparos circulares e a caixa acrílica, durante os procedimentos odontológicos (AU).

Evaluation of the pandemic and vaccination against COVID-19 in the health of dental academics / Influência da pandemia da COVID-19 e vacinação na saúde física, mental e no desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de odontologia

This study investigated the prevalence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and vaccination among dental students from public and private institutions, as well as verified the level of influence of the pandemic and vaccination on physical, mental health and academic performance. In this cross-sectional study an online questionnaire using Google Forms® was applied to dental students from a public and a private university on epidemiological data, COVID-19, vaccination and the impact of social distancing on health. The rate of COVID-19 infection in both groups was 36.8% (n=46), and when asked about the period of infection, 82.6% of these (n=38) contracted it before the first dose, but there were no statistically significant differences (χ2=2.667; p=0.102) between the groups. There was a difference between the groups tested, since 56.3% of the students from G1 were vaccinated with a second dose, compared to 29.6% from G2 (χ2= 16.554; p= 0.0009). Students were asked about the existence of risks in the dentistry course, and 76.8% considered that there are risks (n=96), with a statistically significant difference (χ2= 10.216; p= 0.001). Regarding the vaccine, 64% of the participants think it is safe (n=80), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (χ2= 4.374; p= 0.036). Most students contracted COVID-19 before the first dose, were vaccinated with the second dose by AstraZeneca and Pfizer immunizers. The academic performance and the physical and mental health of the students were significantly affected, with the students of advanced periods and those of public universities suffering more negative impacts (AU).

Este estudo investigou a prevalência da COVID-19 e vacinação entre estudantes de odontologia de instituições públicas e privadas, bem como verificar o nível de influência da pandemia e da vacinação na saúde física, mental e no desempenho acadêmico. Em um estudo transversal, foi aplicado um questionário online utilizando o Google Forms® a estudantes de odontologia de uma universidade pública e privada sobre dados epidemiológicos, COVID-19, vacinação e o impacto do distanciamento social na saúde. A taxa de infecção por COVID-19 em ambos os grupos foi de 36,8% (n=46), e quando questionados sobre o período de infecção, 82,6% destes (n=38) contraíram antes da primeira dose, mas não houve significância estatística diferenças (χ2=2,667; p=0,102) entre os grupos. Houve diferença entre os grupos testados, pois 56,3% dos escolares do G1 foram vacinados com uma segunda dose, comparado a 29,6% do G2 (χ2= 16,554; p= 0,0009). Os alunos foram questionados sobre a existência de riscos no curso de odontologia, e 76,8% consideraram que existem riscos (n=96), com diferença estatisticamente significativa (χ2= 10,216; p= 0,001). Em relação à vacina, 64% dos participantes a consideram segura (n=80), com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (χ2= 4,374; p= 0,036). A maioria dos alunos contraiu COVID-19 antes da primeira dose, foram vacinados com a segunda dose pelos imunizadores AstraZeneca® e Pfizer®. O desempenho acadêmico e a saúde física e mental dos alunos foram significativamente afetados, com os alunos de períodos avançados e os de universidades públicas sofrendo mais impactos negativos (AU).

Impacto da presença de diastema na autopercepção do sorriso em uma amostra de adolescentes / Impact of the presence of diastema on the self-perception of one's smile in a sample of adolescents

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de diastema em adolescentes, analisar fatores associados e investigar o impacto dessa má oclusão na autopercepção dos adolescentes em relação ao seu sorriso. Métodos:A amostra consistiu em 160 adolescentes. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado em escolas privadas (A1) e públicas (A2), no período de agosto de 2020 à julho de 2021, na cidade de Parnaíba, Piauí. Inicialmente, aplicou-se um questionário epidemiológico. A seguir, o exame clínico foi realizado sob luz natural, em ambiente escolar. Os alunos que apresentaram diastema constituíram o grupo G1 e os que não apresentaram formaram o grupo G2. Nos alunos do G1 foram identificadas a localização e a medida do diastema e dos possíveis fatores associados e aplicado um segundo questionário sobre a auto avaliação estética do sorriso. Foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas, obtendo-se porcentagens, frequências e análises de associação com o teste qui-quadrado e comparações de média a partir do teste t. Resultados:Houve diferença significativa na distribuição de adolescentes quanto ao tipo de escola e presença de diastema, verificando-se maior prevalência na escola pública. Quanto ao gênero, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa, assim como não houve associação entre o sorriso e a presença de diastema, pois a maioria não apresentava vergonha ao sorrir, estava satisfeita e julgava ter um sorriso agradável. Verificou-se, quanto aos fatores associados, uma distribuição significativa com maior prevalência de "discrepância de tamanho dentário". Conclusão: A presença de diastema teve como fator associado predominante, a discrepância de tamanho dentário. A maioria dos adolescentes afirmaram estar satisfeitos com o sorriso, apesar de não ser agradável, considerando desnecessário o tratamento.

Aim: To verify the prevalence of diastema in adolescents, analyze associated factors, and investigate the impact of this malocclusion on adolescents' self-perception of their smile. Methods:The sample consisted of 160 adolescents. This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out in private (A1) and public (A2) schools, from August 2020 to July 2021, in the city of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Initially, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied. The clinical examination was then performed under natural light, in a school environment. Students who presented diastema formed the G1 group, and those who did not, formed the G2 group. In G1 students, the location and measurement of the diastema and possible associated factors were identified and a second questionnaire was applied on the self-assessment of the esthetic smile. Descriptive statistics were performed, obtaining percentages, frequencies, and association analysis using the chi-square test and mean comparisons using the t test. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of adolescents regarding the type of school and presence of diastema, with a higher prevalence in public schools. Regarding gender, no statistically significant difference was found. There was also no association between smiling and the presence of diastema, as most were not ashamed to smile, were satisfied, and thought they had a pleasant smile. Regarding the associated factors, there was a significant distribution with a higher prevalence of "tooth size discrepancy". Conclusion: The presence of diastema was predominantly associated with tooth size discrepancy. Most adolescents said they were satisfied with the smile, despite not being pleasant, considering the treatment unnecessary.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao sorriso gengival em adolescentes / Prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados ao sorriso gengival em adolescentes entre 15 a 18 anos cursando o ensino médio. Métodos: O estudo transversal e quantitativo foi realizado durante a pandemia de COVID-19, em 160 adolescentes de duas escolas públicas (A1) e duas privadas (A2) escolhidas por sorteio, divididas em dois grupos: G1 (com sorriso gengival) e G2 (sem sorriso gengival). Foi realizado o exame clínico nos adolescentes, investigando a presença ou não de sorriso gengival (SG), ao analisar as variáveis (distância interlabial em repouso, exposição de incisivo superior em repouso, arco do sorriso, medida do subnasal ao filtro labial superior, comprimento do lábio superior, espessura do lábio superior, hipermobilidade e relação do terço inferior/médio). Foram obtidas médias, dispersão e aplicado o teste de associação qui quadrado, com nível de significância estatística de 5% para comparar os resultados entre A1 e A2 e entre G1 e G2. Resultados: Verificou-se que não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas (p> 0,05), quanto ao tipo de escola e gênero com a presença de SG nos adolescentes. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (χ² = 1,82; p = 0,07) entre os grupos e a idade dos adolescentes. Houve correlação significativa entre as variáveis estudadas e o SG (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A prevalência do SG em adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos de idade foi de 33,8%, com predominância do gênero feminino, não houve associações estatisticamente significativas, quanto ao tipo de escola e gênero com a presença de SG, mas houve correlação significativa entre o SG e as variáveis estudadas.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents aged 15 to 18 years who were attending high school. Methods: The cross-sectional and quantitateve study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 160 adolescents, from two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lottery, divided into two groups: G1 (with gingival smile) and G2 (no gummy smile). A clinical examination was carried out on the adolescents, investigating the presence or absence of a gummy smile (GS), by analyzing the variables (interlabial distance at rest, upper incisor exposure at rest, smile arc, measurement from the subnasal to the upper lip philtrum, upper lip length, upper lip thickness, hypermobility, and lower/middle third ratio). Means and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square association test was applied, with a statistical significance level of 5%, to compare the results between A1 and A2 and between G1 and G2. Results: No statistically significant associations were found (p > 0.05) regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS in adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference (χ² = 1.82; p = 0.07) between the groups and the age of adolescents. A significant correlation was found between the studied variables and GS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of GS in adolescents aged 15 to 18 years was 33.8%, with a predominance of females. No statistically significant associations were identified regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS; however, a significant correlation was found between the GS and the studied variables.

Consumo de álcool como fator de risco para traumatismo dentário em adolescentes: estudo caso-controle / Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dental trauma in adolescents: a case-control study

Objetivo: Avaliar a ingestão de álcool como fator associado ao traumatismo dentário em adolescentes. Método: O estudo transversal de caso-controle foi realizado em 160 adolescentes com idade entre 14 a 19 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, divididas em grupos, sendo (G1) o grupo com traumatismo dentário e (G2) o grupo controle. Um questionário foi aplicado para cada participante sobre os dados epidemiológicos e posteriormente, foi aplicado um segundo questionário somente para os alunos expostos à bebida alcóolica, para informações detalhadas sobre o consumo. Em seguida, o exame clínico foi realizado em toda a amostra. Foram considerados traumas dentários, os detectados pelo tato e visão. Foram realizadas avaliações das médias e dos desvios padrão para variáveis quantitativas. Obteve-se porcentagens e frequências, realizando-se análises de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas a partir do qui-quadrado e comparação da idade média a partir do teste t (p < 0,05). Resultados: Com base nos dados coletados em 160 adolescentes, foi possível observar uma taxa de 34,37%, (n = 55) de adolescentes com traumatismo dentário. Quanto à distribuição do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas, observou-se que, 20 desses 55 adolescentes faziam uso de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas regularmente. Conclusão: Em adolescentes, com idade entre 14 e 18 anos, que consumiam bebidas alcóolicas, a prevalência de traumatismo dentário (TD) foi de 33,3%, com predominância no gênero feminino. Houve associação do consumo de álcool com TD nas idades entre 16 e 18 anos. Em escola privada foram observados 70% dos casos provenientes de TD associados ao uso de bebidas alcóolicas.

Aim: To evaluate alcohol intake as a factor associated with dental trauma in adolescents.Methods: This work is a cross-sectional case-control study was carried out with 160 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 years, from public and private schools, divided into 2 groups: G1 ­group with dental trauma and G2 ­ control group. A questionnaire was applied to each participant concerning the epidemiological data. Later, a second questionnaire was applied only to students exposed to alcohol in order to find detailed information about consumption. The clinical examination was then performed on the entire sample. Dental traumas were those detected by touch and vision. Evaluations of means and standard deviations were performed for quantitative variables. Percentages and frequencies were obtained by performing an analysis of association between qualitative variables using the chi-square test and comparing the mean age using the t test (p < 0.05).Results: Based on data collected from 160 adolescents, it was possible to observe a rate of 34.37% (n = 55) of adolescents with dental trauma. As for the distribution of alcohol consumption, it was observed that 20 of these 55 adolescents used alcohol regularly.Conclusion:In adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years, who consumed alcoholic beverages, the prevalence of dental trauma (DT) was 33.3%, with a predominance found in females. There was an association between alcohol consumption and DT at ages between 16 and 18 years. In a private school, 70% of the cases of DT associated with the use of alcoholic beverages were observed.

Prevalence and predisponent factors of molar-incisor hypomineralization in primary dentition

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predisposing factors for hypomineralization of second molars in children in primary dentition. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to parents to analyze predisposing factors and to assist in the diagnosis of hypomineralization in children between 2 and 6 years old, followed by an intraoral examination based on indices of non-fluorotic enamel defects in the primary dentition, according to the "Modified Index DDE" to determine demarcated opacity and HSPM presence / severity index to assess hypomineralization. Children from public and private schools were dived into two groups: if they presented HSPM-Group 1 (G1) and if they did not have HSPM-Control group (CG). Results: The most frequent predisposing factors associated with the child were Illness in the first year of life (X2= 6.49; p=0.01) and antibiotic use in the first year of life (X2= 41.82; p= 0.01). The factors associated with the mother were hypertension (X2= 9.36; p=0.01), infections during pregnancy (X2=14.80; p=0.01) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (X2=97.33; p=0.01). There was a prevalence of 3.9% of HSPM in 14 children, with statistical difference regarding gender (X2 = 4.57; p <0.05), with boys presenting a higher frequency. In G1 hypomineralization was of the type with demarcated opacity, with more prevalent characteristics the yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture and acceptable atypical restorations. All lesions were located in the labial region with 1/3 of extension. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in children between 2 and 6 years old was 3.9%, with a predominance in males, with tooth 65 being the most affected. There was an association between HSPM and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion. There was an association between HSPM and hypertension, infection and mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy

Prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas na dentição decídua / Prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in the primary dentition

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas em crianças na dentição decídua e possíveis fatores etiológicos associados. Métodos:Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética ­ CEP/UESPI (3.289.732), o estudo transversal foi realizado em 360 crianças com idade entre 2 a 6 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, divididas em dois grupos: G1 (com lesões cervicais) e G2 (sem lesões cervicais). Foi aplicado um questionário aos pais, seguido do exame clínico das crianças. Foram consideradas lesões detectadas pelo tato e visualmente. Foram realizadas avaliações das médias e dos desvios padrão para variáveis quantitativas. Obteve-se porcentagens e frequências, realizando-se análises de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas a partir do qui-quadrado e comparação da idade média a partir do teste t (p < 0,05). Resultados: Somente lesões do tipo abfração foram encontradas na amostra (5%) e os indivíduos de raça branca apresentaram uma maior prevalência em relação aos demais (55,5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001) e essas lesões foram identificadas somente em escolas privadas. Quanto ao sexo, em G1, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, (p = 0,01) com maior prevalência no masculino (66,7%). Os dentes mais acometidos em ordem decrescente foram os caninos e incisivos centrais superiores seguidos dos caninos e incisivos centrais inferiores. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas, do tipo abfração, em crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade foi de 5%, tendo sido encontradas somente em escolas privadas, com predominância no sexo masculino. Houve associação entre a abfração e o tipo de escova utilizada na escovação dentária, apresentando maior frequência de lesões quando escovas duras eram utilizadas e escovação forte era executada.

Aim:To determine the prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in children in the primary dentition and possible associated etiological factors. Method: After approval by the Ethics Committee - CEP / UESPI (3,289,732) ­ this cross-sectional study was carried out on 360 children, from 2 to 6 years of age, from public and private schools, divided into two groups: G1 (with cervical lesions) and G2 (without cervical lesions). A questionnaire was applied to the parents, followed by the children's clinical examination. Lesions detected by touch and visually were considered. Evaluations of means and standard deviations were performed for quantitative variables. Percentages and frequencies were obtained, analyzing the association between qualitative variables based on the chi-square test and comparing the average age using the t test (p < 0.05). Results:Only abfraction-type lesions were found in the sample (5%), and white individuals presented a higher prevalence in relation to the others (55.5%). There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001), and these lesions were found only in private schools. As for sex, in G1, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) with a higher prevalence in males (66.7%). The most affected teeth in decreasing order were the canines and upper central incisors, followed by the canines and lower central incisors. Conclusion: The prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions of the abfraction type in children from 2 to 6 years of age was 5%, which was only found in private schools, with a predominance in males. An association was found between the abfraction and the type of brush used in toothbrushing, with a higher frequency of lesions when hard brushes were used and strong brushing was performed.

The midline from the perspective of the layperson and dental surgeon / A linha média na perspectiva do leigo e do cirurgião-dentista

Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the midline from the perspectives of the layperson and the dental surgeon. Methods: The survey was conducted from August to December 2018 in Parnaíba, PI, Brazil. An image of a female smile was used, in which changes were made in the upper dental midline, every 1 mm up to 4 mm, and in the incisal angulation, every 5 degrees up to 15 degrees, to the left side. The images were cut and formed into two groups, one showing a smile with no lip filter (G1) and another with a smile with a lip filter (G2). These were then shown to 334 lay people and 25 dentists for evaluation with scores from 0 to 10, with scores from 0 to 5.9 for an unacceptable smile and from 6 to 10 for an acceptable smile. Results:Dental surgeons were more critical when analyzing the images and detected deviations from 1mm and 5 degrees in both groups G1 and G2. Laypeople noticed deviations from 2mm and 15 degrees on G1 and deviations from 3mm and 10 degrees on G2. Conclusion: Dental surgeons and laypeople are able to assess midline deviations with the minimum deviation present. Dentists were more critical in detecting midline deviation when analyzing photos.

Objetivo: Avaliar a linha média sob a ótica do leigo e do cirurgião-dentista. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada de agosto a dezembro de 2018 em Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil. Foi utilizada uma imagem de sorriso feminino, na qual foram feitas alterações na linha média dentária superior, de 1 em 1 mm, até 4 mm, e na angulação incisal, 5 em 5 graus, até 15 graus, para o lado esquerdo. As imagens foram recortadas e formadas em dois grupos, um com sorriso sem filtro labial (G1) e outro com sorriso com filtro labial (G2). Em seguida, foram apresentados a 334 leigos e 25 dentistas para avaliação, com pontuação de 0 a 10, com pontuação de 0 a 5,9 para sorriso inaceitável e de 6 a 10 para sorriso aceitável. Resultados: Os cirurgiões-dentistas foram mais críticos na análise das imagens e detectaram desvios de 1mm e 5 graus nos dois grupos G1 e G2. Os leigos notaram desvios de 2mm e 15 graus no G1 e desvios de 3mm e 10 graus no G2. Conclusão: O cirurgião-dentista e o leigo são capazes de avaliar o desvio da linha média com o desvio mínimo presente. Os dentistas são mais críticos na detecção do desvio de linha média quando analisaram as fotos.

Association between maloclusion and self-perception of oral aesthetics in adolescents

Aim: To evaluate the aesthetic self-perception capacity of adolescents from public schools regarding the presence of oral alterations from malocclusions. Methods: Cross-sectional and quantitative study with 374 adolescents between 16 and 18 years old, belonging to public schools in the city of Parnaíba, Piauí. The adolescents were separated by gender (male and female) and examined for malocclusions. The problem identified for each participant was recorded for later comparison of the influence of its presence with aesthetic self-perception. Then, all adolescents, including those who demonstrated normal occlusion during the clinical evaluation, answered a questionnaire containing eight questions about their perception of their own smile and its impact on their interpersonal relationships. Self-perception was also analyzed by comparing the responses of those with normal occlusion with that of malocclusion individuals. Student's t-tests were used to verify if there was a difference between the groups. Results: The most prevalent malocclusions after clinical examination were midline deviations, crowding and diastemas, and the ones that most scored in the adolescents' perception were crowding, misalignment and diastemas. Conclusion: The adolescents were able to perceive the aesthetic alterations resulting from malocclusions, being determinants of dissatisfaction when smiling. They were not ashamed to smile, did not consider that the ideal smile would improve their self-esteem and that misaligned teeth would not interfere with flirting and interpersonal relationships

Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children in primary dentition

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in children between 2 to 6 years old in primary dentition in a public school (A1) and a private school (A2) in the state of Piauí. Method: It was cross-sectional and quantitative study in 370 participants, 180 in A1 and 190 in A2. The questionnaire to help diagnose bruxism was applied to parents. In the clinical examination, dental wear was evaluated, checking for the presence of shiny and polished facets on deciduous incisors and / or molars (palatal surface, incisal edges and working cusps) and the results were noted in the odontogram. Students who had bruxism participated in group 1 (G1) and those who did not have it were in the control group (CG) in both A1 and A2. Results: One hundred and five children had sleep bruxism. Tooth wear was more prevalent in the male gender. Both in A1 and in A2 and in both genders, wear on primary molars was more frequent than in canines. Conclusion: The prevalence of bruxism in children between 2 and 6 years of age was 28.3%, with a predominance in males. There was an association between sleep bruxism and the habit of sucking a finger, pacifier, bottle use and the habit of awake bruxism. In 98.09% of the children who had sleep bruxism, teeth pain was found

White spots on tooth enamel in mixed dentition / Manchas brancas em esmalte dentário na dentição mista

Aim: To determine the prevalence, predisposing factors of white spots on enamel and the effectiveness of treatment using the microabrasion technique. Method: A study was developed in children between the ages of 6 and 12 of both genders, enrolled in municipal public schools. Epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the participants and parents or guardians to investigate the predisposing factors of the lesions on permanent teeth during the mixed dentition. Oral examination of the children was carried out, and for those children in whom white spot lesions were found, dental treatment was provided by the microabrasion technique in the incisors and/ or first permanent molars to prevent the evolution to a caries lesion with cavitation, since the enamel structure was damaged. Results: The majority of the sample had from 1% to 24% of the enamel affected by the white spots. The possible predisposing factors of white spots were systemic infections, trauma or caries with pulp involvement in a deciduous tooth. The treatment was effective in 16 children and for the remaining two the restorative treatment was performed. Conclusion: The prevalence of white spot lesions found in enamel was 3.95%, with a higher prevalence in females. Regarding predisposing factors, most children had some infectious diseases and frequently took antibiotics and anti inflammatory drugs. The permanent right upper central incisor was the most affected. The treatment proved to be effective in most children possibly because the lesion is located more superficially in the enamel (AU)

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência, os fatores predisponentes de manchas brancas no esmalte dentário e a eficácia do tratamento pela técnica de microabrasão. Método: Foi desenvolvido um estudo em crianças na faixa etária dos 6 aos 12 anos de ambos os gêneros, matriculados em 3 escolas públicas municipais. Questionário epidemiológico foi aplicado aos participantes e aos pais ou responsáveis para investigar os fatores predisponentes das lesões em dentes permanentes durante a dentição mista. Realizou-se o exame bucal das crianças e nas que foram constatadas lesões de mancha branca foi proporcionado o tratamento odontológico pela técnica de microabrasão, nos incisivos e/ou primeiros molares permanentes, impedindo a evolução para uma lesão de cárie com cavitação, uma vez que a estrutura do esmalte estava danificada. Resultados: A maioria da amostra apresentou de 1% a 24% do esmalte atingido pelas manchas brancas. Os possíveis fatores etiológicos das manchas brancas foram infecções sistêmicas, trauma ou cárie com envolvimento pulpar em dente decíduo. O tratamento foi eficaz em 16 crianças e em duas restantes foi realizado o tratamento restaurador. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões de manchas brancas encontradas em esmalte foi 3.95% com maior predominância no gênero feminino. Com relação aos fatores predisponentes, a maioria das crianças tiveram algumas doenças infecciosas e fizeram uso de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios. O incisivo central superior direito permanente foi o mais acometido. O tratamento mostrou-se eficaz na maioria das crianças, possivelmente devido à localização da lesão ser superficial no esmalte (AU)

Evaluation of the influence of malocclusion in interpersonal relations among adolescents / Avaliação da influência da má oclusão nas relações interpessoais entre os adolescentes

Aim: To evaluate the influence of malocclusion on interpersonal relationships among adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out with 360 students. Photographs of male and female mouth with malocclusions were manipulated and superimposed on the smile images of two individuals of both genders with normal occlusion (corresponding to the control group, GC) respectively, for assembly of 4 malocclusions: (1) anterior open bite, ( 2) anterior crossbite (3) dental crowding , and (4) Class II, in this order. These images were provided to the participants, who evaluated them through a questionnaire. Results: The less attractive malocclusion was dental crowding. For both flirting and maintaining a serious relationship the previous open bite was the most rejected, with Class II being the most acceptable. Conclusion: For adolescents, dental crowding is the most appropriate malocclusion to be corrected orthodontically. Malocclusions negatively influence the development of interpersonal relationships among adolescents (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da maloclusão nas relações interpessoais entre os adolescentes. Método: Um estudo transversal, quantitativo foi realizado com 360 estudantes. Fotografias de bocas masculina e feminina com maloclusões foram manipuladas e superpostas nas fotos do sorriso de duas pessoas de ambos os gêneros com oclusão normal (correspondendo ao grupo controle, GC) respetivamente, para montagem de 4 maloclusões: (1) mordida aberta anterior, (2) mordida cruzada anterior (3) apinhamento dos incisivos superiores, e (4) Classe II, nesta ordem. Essas imagens foram fornecidas aos participantes, que as avaliaram por meio de questionário. Resultados: A maloclusão menos atrativa foi o apinhamento dentário. Tanto para flertar como para manter um relacionamento sério a mordida aberta anterior foi a mais rejeitada, sendo a Classe II a mais aceitável. Conclusão: Para os adolescentes o apinhamento dentário é a maloclusão mais indicada a ser corrigida ortodonticamente. As maloclusões influenciam negativamente no desenvolvimento das relações interpessoais entre os adolescentes.(AU)

Avaliação da prevalência da perda precoce de molares decíduos na dentição mista / Assessment of primary molars early loss in mixed dentition prevalence

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da perda precoce de molares decíduos na dentição mista. Método: Foi realizado estudo em crianças na faixa etária dos 6 a 12 anos. A perda do molar decíduo foi considerada precoce, quando essa ocorreu antes do estágio 6 de Nolla (coroa totalmente formada) do sucessor permanente ou um ano antes de sua esfoliação fisiológica. Foram obtidas radiografias periapicais para constatar a presença do sucessor permanente e o nível de formação radicular, bem como a necessidade de colocação de mantenedor de espaço fixo arco lingual ou botão de Nance. Para o estudo da distribuição de frequências da perda dentária precoce em relação ao gênero e dentição, foi utilizado o Teste Qui-quadrado nível de 5% de probabilidade e o teste não paramétrico, Mann-Whitney, para análise estatística adequada. Resultados: Das 315 crianças examinadas 159 (50,47%) eram do gênero masculino e 156 (49,52%) do gênero feminino. Apenas 25 (7,9%) apresentaram perdas múltiplas dentárias na região posterior, sendo 19 na arcada inferior e 6 na arcada superior. Na inferior, houve predominância de perda do primeiro e segundo molares decíduos. Não existiu diferença na associação entre os gêneros das crianças e a ocorrência de perdas múltiplas dentárias (χ² (1) = 0,03, p>0.05). Conclusão: A prevalência de perda prematura de dentes decíduos foi de 7,9% e os dentes mais acometidos foram os primeiros e segundos molares na arcada inferior. Mantenedores de espaço do tipo arco lingual foram instalados em 6 crianças, que permanecerão até que os sucessores permanentes irrompam na cavidade bucal. (AU)

Objective: To assess primary molars early loss in mixed dentition prevalence. Method: A study was carried out in children aged 6 to 12 years. Deciduous molar loss was considered early when it occurred before Nolla stage 6 (full formed crown) of the permanent successor or one year before its physiological exfoliation. Periapical radiographs were obtained to verify the presence of the permanent successor and the level of root formation, as well as the need for placement of fixed space maintainer lingual arch or Nance button. For the study of frequency distribution of early dental loss in relation to gender and dentition, we used the Chi-square test of 5% probability level and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for adequate statistical analysis. Results: Of the 315 children examined, 159 (50.47%) were male and 156 (49.52%) were female. Only 25 (7.9%) presented multiple dental losses in the posterior region, 19 in the lower arch and 6 in the upper arch. In the inferior one there was predominance of first and second deciduous molars loss. There was no difference in the association between genders and the occurrence of multiple dental losses (χ² (1) = 0.03, p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of deciduous teeth premature loss was of 7.9% and the most affected teeth were the first and second molars in the lower arch. Lingual arch space holders were installed in 6 children, who will remain with it until the permanent successors erupt into the oral cavity. (AU)

Deciduous tooth early loss prevalence in posterior region and indication of band-loop space maintainer / Prevalência da perda precoce de dente decíduo na região posterior e indicação de mantenedor de espaço banda-alça

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of the early unitary loss of deciduous and the need for space maintainer in the posterior region, of the band-loop type. Material and Methods: The clinical examination by two examiners of 568 children between 6 and 12 years of age in mixed dentition was performed in two municipal schools. After the diagnosis of premature loss of one or two deciduous molars (unilateral, one or both arches, respectively), without successors initiating the eruptive process in the oral cavity, the child was referred to the Clinical School of Dentistry (CSD) of State University of Piauí (UESPI) for installation of the band-handle space maintainer. Results: The prevalence of early deciduos molar loss was 4.04%, from 568 children examined, being 15 in the lower arch and 8 in the upper arch of 23 children, mean age of 10 ± 2 years with predominance of the first deciduos molars (10 in the lower arch and all 8 in the upper arch). The etiological factor of which was dental caries for all sample, according to the parents or guardians. Only 13 attended the CSD for detailed examination. After radiographic examination, it was verified that 8 did not need space maintainers because they were approximately 2/3 of the permanent successors root formation. In 5 children was placed the maintainer of space, band-handle, who are being supervised every 3 months until the eruption of the permanent successors. Conclusion: The prevalence of early molar loss was 4.04% with no statistical difference between genders. The use of space maintainers after the early loss of a deciduous tooth is a preventive measure of malocclusion, being the band-loop appliance an excellent choice after loss of the deciduous unilateral molar.(AU)

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência a perda precoce unitária de decíduo e a necessidade de mantenedor de espaço na região posterior do tipo banda-alça. Material e Métodos: O exame clínico realizado por dois examinadores de 568 crianças de 6 a 12 anos de idade na dentição mista foi realizado em duas escolas municipais. Após o diagnóstico de perda precoce de um ou dois molares decíduos (unilateral, de uma ou ambas arcadas, respectivamente), sem que os sucessores tivessem iniciando o processo eruptivo na cavidade bucal, a criança foi encaminhada à Clínica Escola de odontologia (CEO) da Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI) para instalação do mantenedor de espaço banda-alça. Resultados: A prevalência da perda precoce de molar decíduo foi de 4.04%, de 568 crianças examinadas, sendo 15 na arcada inferior e 8 na arcada superior de 23 crianças, com idade média de 10 ± 2 anos com predomínio dos primeiros molares decíduos (10 no arco inferior e todos os 8 no arco superior). O fator etiológico foi cárie dentária para toda a amostra, segundo os pais ou responsáveis.Somente 13 compareceram à CEO para exame detalhado. Após exame radiográfico constatou-se que 8 não precisavam de mantenedores de espaço pois estavam aproximadamente com 2/3 de formação radicular dos sucessores permanentes. Em 5 crianças colocou-se o mantenedor de espaço, bandaalça, que estão sendo supervisionadas a cada 3 meses até a erupção dos sucessores permanentes. Conclusão: A prevalência da perda precoce de molar decíduo foi de 4.04% sem diferença estatística entre os gêneros. O uso de mantedores de espaço após a perda precoce de dente decíduo é uma medida preventiva da má oclusão, sendo a banda-alça excelente opção após a perda do molar decíduo unilateral(AU)

Anterior crossbite malocclusion: prevalence and treatment with afixed inclined plane orthodontic appliance

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of anterior crossbite and to verify the effectiveness of the orthodontic appliance Inclined Plane in the correction of this malocclusion. Methods: The clinical examination was performed 702 children in the deciduous or mixed dentition of 7 schools and in those found the anterior crossbite was performed treatment with fixed Inclined Plane. Results: The prevalence of the anterior crossbite was 2.14%, characterizing 15 of the 702 children evaluated, of which 60% were female and 40% male, all of which were dental crossbites. Only 12 accepted the treatment with an average duration of 4.4 weeks. Conclusion: The prevalence of anterior crossbite was 2.14%. The inclined plane proved to be a viable and effective therapy in the correction of anterior crossbite. It is one of the options of the orthodontic treatment in patients in the deciduous or mixed dentition, propitiating greater possibility of dentoskeletal development, since the malocclusion is corrected. However this method needs to be correctly indicated and its execution technique rigorously followed

Prevalence and etiology of dental trauma in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years

Aim: To investigate the prevalence and etiological factors of dental trauma in school-age children aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A study was developed in children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12 of both genders enrolled in 3 municipal public schools. An oral examination of the permanent or deciduous incisors was performed, if they were still present in the oral cavity, to evaluate the presence of dental trauma, need for treatment and sequels, and the method of examination and classification of dental trauma of O'Brien. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was 4.03% (n=29). The most verified traumas were enamel crack / enamel fracture and enamel / dentin fracture without pulp exposure. It was observed that the most affected teeth were the permanent upper central incisors and the age at which trauma was most observed was 11 years, the main etiological factor was fall from a height, in 65.3% of schoolchildren (n=19). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma was 4.03%, with no statistically significant difference between genders. The permanent right upper central incisor was the most affected, occurring predominantly at home and at school. The dissemination of information about dental trauma and emergency protocols to parents and teachers need to be encouraged

Relationship between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses

Aim: To investigate the relationship between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out which the inclusion of adults and elderly people of both genders using dental prostheses. Lectures were given with guidelines on oral hygiene techniques and dental prostheses, preventive measures of candidiasis, highlighting their influence on the oral and general health of the individual for the 240 users of dental prostheses. Of this number, 153 did not want to participate in the clinical examination. Signals and symptoms were analyzed in 87 patients, and lesions were present in only 21, and a cytological complement of the lesions was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 with Chi-square (χ2 ) test at p < 0.05. Results: The 21 patients presented oral candidiasis, with erythematous (prosthetic) stomatitis being the most prevalent. There was a correlation between the presence of Candida and the use of prostheses (p- value 0.00*). Candidiasis was associated with poorly adapted prostheses, poor oral hygiene, inadequate prostheses and prolonged use of them. Conclusion: There was a correlation between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses. The most prevalent type of candidiasis was erythematous stomatitis (prosthetic), and nystatin was used to treat all cases. The preventive activities carried out were extremely important, since patients were not aware of oral candidiasis and the factors that trigger it, such as poor oral hygiene and dental prostheses